This study provides the opportunity to compare the hiring and employment practices, within the context of local conditions, as they exist in five major ports. It tells how efforts at regulation are influenced by the various institutions and by market constraints and describes the impact of the differences emanating from the industrial relations systems of each of the countries in which the port is located. In all these ports, the basic problem, to a large extent, is still that of casual employment and the author describes the repeated attempts to achieve a solution and analyzes in detail the efforts that failed and those that succeeded.