Winner of the Latin American Studies Association's 2022 Best Book in Colonial Latin American Studies.

This book examines the reception in Latin America of prints designed by the Flemish artist Peter Paul Rubens, showing how colonial artists used such designs to create all manner of artworks and, in the process, forged new frameworks for artistic creativity.

Peter Paul Rubens (1577–1640) never crossed the Atlantic himself, but his impact in colonial Latin America was profound. Prints made after the Flemish artist’s designs were routinely sent from Europe to the Spanish Americas, where artists used them to make all manner of objects.

Rubens in Repeat is the first comprehensive study of this transatlantic phenomenon, despite broad recognition that it was one of the most important forces to shape the artistic landscapes of the region. Copying, particularly in colonial contexts, has traditionally held negative implications that have discouraged its serious exploration. Yet analyzing the interpretation of printed sources and recontextualizing the resulting works within period discourse and their original spaces of display allow a new critical reassessment of this broad category of art produced in colonial Latin America—art that has all too easily been dismissed as derivative and thus unworthy of sustained interest and investigation. This book takes a new approach to the paradigms of artistic authorship that emerged alongside these complex creative responses, focusing on the viceroyalties of New Spain and Peru in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It argues that the use of European prints was an essential component of the very framework in which colonial artists forged ideas about what it meant to be a creator.

A study of domestic religious sculptures in Quito.

During the eighteenth century, the colonial capital of Quito established itself as a prolific producer of wooden polychrome sculpture. With large glass eyes, smooth shiny surfaces, and minute attention to detail, the sculptures possessed an artistic refinement that enchanted contemporaries. While these objects depicted Christian sacred personages, they were not always sequestered in churches and shrines. They filled domestic spaces, becoming signifiers not only of holiness but also of a distinctive Quitenian culture.

Devotional sculpture was, on its face, an aesthetic reifiction of the colonial project, commissioned by creole elites. However, drawing on published accounts and archival evidence, including wills and dowries, Leslie Todd shows that sculpture was diffused across society, contributing to a complex localized identity. As makers, viewers, and owners of sculpture, Quiteños of Indigenous and mixed heritage and varying socioeconomic backgrounds took active roles in creating the city’s visual culture. In doing so, Todd argues, they simultaneously underscored and challenged colonial class and power systems, investing a European form with styles that revealed and reinforced specifically Spanish American subjectivity.