Francis James Child, compiler and editor of the monumental English and Scottish Popular Ballads, established the scholarly study of folk ballads in the English-speaking world. His successors at Harvard University, notably George Lyman Kittredge, Milman Parry, and Albert B. Lord, discovered new ways of relating ideas about sung narrative to the study of epic poetry and what has come to be called—though not without controversy—“oral literature.”

In this volume, sixteen distinguished scholars from Europe and the United States offer original essays in the spirit of these pioneers. The topics of their studies include well-known “Child Ballads” in their British and American forms; aspects of the oral literatures of France, Ireland, Scandinavia, medieval England, ancient Greece, and modern Egypt; and recent literary ballads and popular songs. Many of the essays evince a concern with the theoretical underpinnings of the study of folklore and literature, orality and literacy; and as a whole the volume reestablishes the European ballad in the wider context of oral literature. Among the contributors are Albert B. Lord, Bengt R. Jonsson, Gregory Nagy, David Buchan, Vesteinn Olason, and Karl Reichl.

A thousand years of English history, encapsulating invasions, the rise and fall of kings, and religious events

Among the vernacular historical writings of early medieval England, the Old English Chronicle holds a prominent place, providing not only a backbone of English history from the fifth through the twelfth centuries but also a record of language development and geography. The seven texts in the Chronicle, known as manuscripts A through G, offer a brief year-by-year summary of important national events.

The Old English Chronicle: The A-Text to 1001 is the earliest and most interesting of these manuscripts. It covers more than a thousand years, with entries written throughout the tenth century by different scribes. Although many entries are spare, noting only the death of a king or church official, others offer detailed accounts and interpretations of events such as the movement of viking armies against King Alfred or the narrative of treachery, retribution, and loyalty widely known today as “Cynewulf and Cyneheard.” In addition to the A-Text, this edition contains two highly political poems, The Death of Alfred and The Death of Edward, as well as The Battle of Maldon, a brilliant verse rendering of a defeat against Scandinavian invaders in 991.

The Old English Chronicle, Volume I contains newly edited Old English texts and expert translations of key works of medieval historical writing.

Bartlett Jere Whiting, a pioneer and acknowledged master of the lexicography of proverbs, also wrote three seminal articles on general and theoretical aspects of paremiology, the study of proverbs and related speech forms: “The Origin of the Proverb,” “The Nature of the Proverb,” and “The Study of Proverbs.” On the occasion of his ninetieth birthday, friends, students, and colleagues from the Harvard English Department, Whiting’s academic home for nearly fifty years, offer these essential readings to a new generation of scholars and enthusiasts of “the wisdom of many, the wit of one.”

Whiting’s essays are accompanied by an annotated bibliography of his works on the proverb by the best-known contemporary student of the subject, Wolfgang Mieder; and introductory essays by Joseph Harris and Wolfgang Mieder and by Susan E. Deskis place Whiting in the history of international proverb study.