Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that creates a cross-sectional image of the distribution of dielectric materials inside a pipe or vessel. ECT measures the capacitance between pairs of electrodes mounted on the outside, and reconstructs a cross-sectional image using the measured capacitance data and a suitable algorithm, to reflect the permittivity distribution within the object. The techniques is used to visualize the internal flow of non-conductive substances in industrial processes such as the chemical, oil and gas industries.

Imaging sensors are crucial for electronic imaging systems, including digital cameras, camera modules, medical imaging equipment, night vision equipment, radar and sonar, drones, and many others. This contributed book covers a wide range of frequency, sensing modalities and applications, including x-ray beam imaging sensors, optical scattering sensors, smart visual sensors in robotic systems, tuneable diode Laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) sensors, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors, microwave imaging sensors, electro-magnetic imaging with ultra-wideband (UWB) sensors, synthetic aperture radar (SAR), electrical resistance tomography (ERT) sensors, electrical tomography for medical applications, electro-magnetic tomography (EMT) sensors, micro sensors for cell and blood imaging, and ultrasound imaging sensors.