Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that creates a cross-sectional image of the distribution of dielectric materials inside a pipe or vessel. ECT measures the capacitance between pairs of electrodes mounted on the outside, and reconstructs a cross-sectional image using the measured capacitance data and a suitable algorithm, to reflect the permittivity distribution within the object. The techniques is used to visualize the internal flow of non-conductive substances in industrial processes such as the chemical, oil and gas industries.