Mind Of The Universe: Understanding Science & Religion

PART I. Science Transcends Itself
Chapter 1.     SCIENCE AND BEYOND           3
I. The Meeting of Science and Religion   3
II. The Methodological Gap between Science and Religion    7
1.  The Scientific Outlook  7
2. Naturalism: Difference or Conflict?  10
3.  The Mediation of Philosophy 12
III. Boundary Questions    13
1. Are There Genuine Boundary Questions?  14
2. Subjective Connections  16
3. Particular Overlaps  18
IV   The Quest for Integration  20
1.  General Presuppositions and Insights  21
2. Bridging the Gap  24
Chapter 2.     THE PRESUPPOSITIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
OF SCIENCE 27
I. Why Presuppositions?     27
1.  The General Presuppositions of Science  27
2.  Science without Presuppositions?  30
II. Scrutinizing Presuppositions  35
1.  Ontological and Epistemological Realism
as Presuppositions  35
2.  Presuppositions and the Limits of Science  38
3.   The Nonscientific Bases of Science  39
4.  Can Science Explain Everything?  42
5.  Retrojustification of the Presuppositions
of Scientific Inquiry  44
6.  Philosophical Hypotheses in Science  46
7.  The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Science  47
III. What Presuppositions?    49
1.  Presuppositions in the Three Dimensions
of Science 49
2.   The Characteristics of the Presuppositions  51
IV   The Feedback of Scientific Progress  53
1.  Implications for the Presuppositions  53
2. A Guide to the Bridges  57
PART II. Self-Organization and Divine Action
Chapter 3.     NATURAL CREATIVITY             61
I. The Scientific Quest for Order   61
1.  Natural Order  62
2.   The Scientific Knowledge of Order  66
3.  Scientific Worldviews  70
II. Describing Worldviews    71
1.  From Nature to History  71
2. A Purposeless World   76
3.   The World as a Pattern of Numbers  78
4.  The Evolutionary Universe  81
5.  The Relative World of Process  82
III. A New Scientific Worldview     83
1. A Unified Picture of the World  83
2.  Morphogenetic Theories  86
3. Natural Dynamism   89
4. Patterns in Nature  91
5. Self-Organization  94
6. Information  97
7. An Open Universe   101
Chapter 4. THE INTELLIGIBILIGY OF NATURE 107
I. A Self-Contained World?   108
1.  Ontological Reductionism  108
2. A Self-Created Universe?  112
3.  The Frontiers of Evolution  115
4. Naturalistic Fallacies  117
II. Unconscious Intelligence  118
1. Rationality in Nature  118
2.  Teleological Bridges  125
2.1.  UPDATING THE TELEOLOGICAL AGENDA         125
2.2.  NATURAL TELEOLOGY: THE FACT       127
2.3.  NATURAL TELEOLOGY: THE EXPLANATION          131
3.  Teleological Puzzles  136
3.1.  PHYSICS AND TELEOLOGY       137
3.2.  BIOLOGY AND TELEOLOGY        141
3.3.  SELF-ORGANIZATION AND TELEOLOGY         144
III. A Divine Art 145
1. The Ways of Divine Action  145
2. Contingency and a Divine Plan  150
3. Natural and Divine Creativity  153
PART III. Scientific Creativity and Human Singularity
Chapter 5.    READING THE BOOK OF NATURE              159
I. The Rationality of Science  160
1. The Scientific Conception of the World  160
2.  The Critical Attitude of Karl Popper  164
3. Paradigms and Revolutions: Kuhn's Psychosociohistorical
View 169
4. Programs of Scientific Research: Imre Lakatos  173
5. Paul Feyerabend's Critique of Scientific
Reason 175
6. Problem Solving and Laudan  176
7. Rationality: An Overview  180
II. Three Dimensions in Empirical Science  181
1. The Goals of Science  181
2. Scientific Methods  187
3. Scientific Constructs  190
III. The Reach of Science  192
1. Conventional Factors in Science  193
2. Scientific Objectivity  196
3. Truth in Science  200
Chapter 6.    MAN IN NATURE         207
I. Science, Epistemology, and Naturalism: Four
Positions 207
1. Epistemology Naturalized  208
2. Evolutionary Epistemology  211
3. Methodological Naturalism  214
4. Anthropological Naturalism  216
II. The Value of Human Knowledge    221
1. Science and Fallibilism  222
1.1.  TWO KINDS OF FALLIBILISM     222
1.2.  FALLIBILISM AND RATIONALISM      224
1.3.  SCIENTIFIC CREATIVITY AND FALLIBILISM     227
2. Four Features of the Reliability of Science  230
2.1.  INTERSUBJECTIVITY     231
2.2.  EMPIRICAL CONTROL      232
2.3.  PREDICTIVE POWER     233
2.4.  PROGRESS    234
2.5.  RELIABLE KNOWLEDGE      236
3. An Open Epistemology  238
III. Human Singularity  241
1. Scientific Arguments for Human
Singularity 241
2. Immanence and Transcendence  244
3. The Meaning of Science  247
PART IV. Science and Values
Chapter 7.    SCIENTIFIC VALUES      251
I. Why Values? 251
1. A Value-Free Science?  252
2. The Autonomy of Science  255
II. Evaluating Scientific Values 257
1. Reconnecting Science and Ethics 257
2. The Ethical Basis of Science 261
3. Science as a Social Institution  263
4. Epistemic Values 268
4.1. VALUE JUDGMENT AND THEORY CHOICE         268
4.2  THE VALIDATION OF SCIENTIFIC VALUES     269
4.3.  PLURAL AIMS IN SCIENCE?   272
5. Empirical Science as a Moral Task  274
III. Which Values? 278
1. Constitutive Values 279
1.1. EPISTEMIC VALUES    280
1.2.  PRAGMATIC VALUES    282
2. Institutional Values 284
3.  Values in the Four Types of Scientific
Activity  287
3.1.  RESEARCH   287
3.2.  SYSTEMATIZING    288
3.3.  TRANSMISSION    288
3.4. APPLICATION     289
IV. Scientific Values and Scientific Progress 290
1. Epistemic Implications 290
2. Social Implications 295
Chapter 8.    THE MEANING OF SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS            299
I. The Reenchantment of the World  300
1. The Disenchantment of the World  300
2. Reenchanting the World  306
2.1. THE REENCHANTMENT OF SCIENCE         306
2.2.  POSTMODERN SCIENCE      309
2.3. A HOLISTIC APPROACH     311
2.4. SCIENCE AND MYTHICAL THINKING        312
3. Updating the Agenda  313
II. Building New Bridges 314
1. A Recapitulation of My Argument 314
2. Applying Scientific Criteria to My
Conclusions 316
2.1.  EXPLANATORY POWER      316
2.2.  PREDICTIVE POWER     318
2.3.  ACCURACY     320
2.4.  VARIETY OF INDEPENDENT PROOFS         322
2.5.  MUTUAL SUPPORT       323
III. Further Perspectives 324
1.  God's Involvement with Creation  324
2.  God's Purposeful Action  327
3. God's Transcendence  329
4.  The Divine Pathways on Earth  331
5. Human Insignificance and Grandeur 334
6. Integral Naturalism  336
7. Creativity: Natural, Human, and Divine  340