Opera and popular entertainment intersected at the turn of the twentieth century just as Americans debated the terms of citizenship. Kristen M. Turner disentangles the intertwined histories of race, class, gender, culture, and musical style to explain opera’s place in the mass culture of the ragtime era.

Turner examines performances ranging from Florenz Ziegfeld’s early Follies to Black vaudeville shows to musical comedies, including everything from celebrity vehicles to obscure productions and overlooked artists. She reveals how opera’s popularity in mass culture illuminates the effects of exclusionary immigration policies, pervasive racial and ethnic inequalities, debates over women’s suffrage, and the imposition of legalized segregation. Performers and creators from many communities—white immigrants, Jewish, Black, and Asian American—strategically deployed operatic allusions and the genre’s characteristic vocal timbre to assert their respectability, challenge stereotypes, and navigate oppressive social structures.

Nuanced and expansive, The Operatic Kaleidoscope explores opera’s role when popular culture grappled with questions of race and citizenship.

Kristen M. Turner Kristen studies the intersection of music, identity, and politics in the United States. She and Horace Maxile wrote the award-winning Race and Gender in the Western Music History Survey: A Teacher’s Guide.