This comprehensive report on the New York Hospital–Cornell Project, 1960–1965, describes the first hospital-based experiment in the organization of welfare medical care service in New York City. The purposes of the project were to determine whether it was feasible for a voluntary teaching hospital to provide complete medical care for a population of welfare recipients and to compare the utilization, cost, and quality of that care with that provided to a control group who received care under the existing system. The project found that hospital-based medical care for welfare recipients is feasible and satisfactory.