Throughout the history of the United States, the acts of a few have proved to be turning points in the way our legal system has treated the least of us. The nine individuals whose deeds are recounted have compelling stories, and though they remain unknown to the general public, their commitment to the rule of law has had a lasting impact on our nation.Noble Purposes brings their stories to life. It describes the contributions of such individuals as James Alexander, the guiding and central force in the colonial-era trial of John Peter Zenger, which sowed the seeds for the American Revolution and the constitutional guarantee of a free press.In the 1870s, Hugh Lennox Bond stared down threats as judge in the trials of the South Carolina Ku Klux Klan, while Clara Shortridge Foltz overcametremendous resistance during her fifty-year law practice, which included advocacy of public defender offices.Early last century, Louis Marshall paved the way for the rights of minorities in America and abroad, while Francis Biddle, FDR’s attorney general, soughtto maintain civil liberties during World War II, arguing against the internment of Japanese Americans and later serving as the American judge in the Nuremberg trials.Edited by legal scholar Norman Gross and written by leading legal historians from around the country, the profiles presented in Noble Purposes tell the stories of these and other individuals who stood firmly in support of the rule of law, often against great odds.

Norman Gross is the former director of theABA Museum of Law in Chicago and the editorof America’s Lawyer-Presidents: From Law Officeto Oval Office. He lives in Sedona, Arizona.

Contents
Foreword	000
Preface	000
Chapter 1. Samuel Sewall: Defender of the Rule of Law?
John R. Vile	000
Chapter 2. James Alexander: Prophet of a Free Press
John D. Gordan III	000
Chapter 3. Lemuel Shaw and the Shaping of State Law
Paul Finkelman	000
Chapter 4. The Courage of His Convictions: Hugh Lennox Bond and the South Carolina 
Ku Klux Klan Trials
Kermit L. Hall	000
Chapter 5. Clara Shortridge Foltz: Inventing the Public Defender
Barbara Allen Babcock	000
Chapter 6. Noah Parden: In the Eye of the Storm
Mark Curriden	000
Chapter 7. Race, Party, Class: The Contradictions of Octaviano Larrazolo
Phillip B. Gonzales	000
Chapter 8. Louis Marshall: Attorney General of the Jewish People
Henry M. Greenberg	000
Chapter 9. Francis Biddle: Protecting the Rule of Law during Wartime
Cornell W. Clayton	000
Contributors	000