Preface
Introduction
1. Perspective: A Window to the World and to the Future
PERSPECTIVE
Medieval Art, Optics, and Perspectives • The Invention of Perspective: The Mirror • From the “Intercisione” to the Vanishing Point • The Window • The Role of Mathematics • Rediscovery or Invention
Anticipation of a New Weltanschauung: Transgressing Medieval Boundaries
The Iconic Gaze • The Window Revisited • Iconic Space, Subjective Objectivity, and the Invention of Infinity • Friction with Religion • The Artist as Creator • The Horizon • The World and the Future • A Case in Point: The Città Ideale of Berlin
2. From Art to Worldview
The Disenchantment of the Physical World
The Universe Open to Our Gaze • The Order to Conquer Nature • Everything Has a Mathematical Counterpart • The Predictable Universe • Control through Calculation
Toward a New Horizon: The Discovery of Linear Time and the Idea of Progress
The Threat of Doomsday Comes to an End • Circularity and Linearity • Progress as the Advancement of Knowledge • Turgot and the Progress of the Human Mind
Condorcet: From the Linear Perspective Worldview to the Development Mind-set
A Life of Science, Action, and Tragedy • Social Mathematics • The Esquisse: The Philosophy of Future Progress • The Future and
the Others • Mathematics, the Future, and Action
The Notion of the “Other” prior to the Esquisse
Alternative Views of Otherness • Slavery and the Société des Amis des Noirs
The Development Mind-set Further Concretized: The Idea of Civilizing and Civilization
The Meaning of Civilization • The Destiny of All Nations • The Need for Education and Educators • Civilizing by Teaching Perspective
Linear Perspective and the Development Mind-set: A Summary of Key Concepts
3. Modern Development
The Contemporary Development Mind-set
Us and Them • Endless and Dynamic Progress • The Aim of All Aid
Educating the “Others”
Development as Knowledge Transfer • Knowledge Transfer in Historical Perspective
The “Rage de Vouloir Conclure”
Knowledge Transfer as a Hindrance to Development and Change • The Visiting Economist Syndrome 115 • Anthropological Views • The Earth Is Not Flat • Planners • Unhelpful Helpers • Summary
4. Counterperspectives
Resistance to the Perspective Worldview
Antiperspective Movements in Art History
Arab Views • The Perspective Wars of Paris • Through the Eye of a Cow: Rationalist versus Empiricist Perspective • Summary
Proposals for Development Alternatives
Reversals • Searchers • Midwives • Possibilism
A Nonlinear Approach
Nonlinearity • Challenges • The Way Forward: Self-Critical Historical Awareness and Knowledge Coalitions
Conclusion
Notes
References
Index