Brown Saviors and Their Others: Race, Caste, Labor, and the Global Politics of Help in India
Brown Saviors and Their Others: Race, Caste, Labor, and the Global Politics of Help in India
by Arjun Shankar
Duke University Press, 2023 eISBN: 978-1-4780-2711-9 | Cloth: 978-1-4780-2011-0 | Paper: 978-1-4780-2509-2 Library of Congress Classification HM1146.S54 2023
ABOUT THIS BOOK | AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY | REVIEWS | TOC | REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE
ABOUT THIS BOOK
In Brown Saviors and Their Others Arjun Shankar draws from his ethnographic work with an educational NGO to investigate the practices of “brown saviors”—globally mobile, dominant-caste, liberal Indian and Indian diasporic technocrats who drive India’s help economy. Shankar argues that these brown saviors actually reproduce many of the racialized values and ideologies associated with who and how to help that have been passed down from the colonial period, while masking other operations of power behind the racial politics of global brownness. In India, these operations of power center largely on the transnational labor politics of caste. Ever attentive to moments of discomfort and complicity, Shankar develops a method of “nervous ethnography” to uncover the global racial hierarchies, graded caste stratifications, urban/rural distinctions, and digital panaceas that shape the politics of help in India. Through nervous critique, Shankar introduces a framework for the study of the global help economies that reckons with the ongoing legacies of racial and caste capitalism.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
Arjun Shankar is Assistant Professor of Culture and Politics at Georgetown University and coeditor of Curiosity Studies: A New Ecology of Knowledge.
REVIEWS
“In this ‘nervous’ and ‘sweaty’ ethnography of an education NGO in South India, Arjun Shankar offers an original, historically and theoretically robust analysis of the global helping economy, elaborating a complex system that unites racial capitalism, technocratic solutionism, neocolonialism and development ideologies under the figure of the ‘brown savior.’”
-- Adia Benton, Associate Professor of Anthropology and African Studies, Northwestern University
"A needed take on the growing neoliberalization of caste values and racialization of cultural capital in the globalized world. The color-cosmetic desires penetrate into markets of patronship and subjecthood. The analogy of the brown savior is damning the philosophy of the underclass in the colonial width. 'Brown saviors' is a befitting jargon of the neoliberal postcolonial world. Brown is colonized and therefore it is global. Its structural hangouts are cultural, and thus it thinks of itself as a savior to its people because it has become a savior in the global economy and corporate diversity. This powerful manuscript, packed with accessible ethnography, points out the obvious in the room with demanding rigor and engaging theory. A dutiful addition to the global castes."
-- Suraj Yengde, Harvard University
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface: Encountering Saviorism vii Premise One: Global Shadows vii Premise Two: Nervous Ethnography xii Introduction: Brown Saviorism 1 I. Theorizing Saviorism 1. Global Help Economics and Racial Capitalism 31 2. The Racial Politics of the Savarna Hindu (or the Would-Be Savior) 45 II. Neocolonial Saviorism 3. Poverty’s Motivational Double Bind (or Neo-Mathusian Visions) 63 4. Fatal Pragmatism (or the Politics of “Going There”) 75 5. The Case of Liberal Intervention 85 6. Hindu Feminist Rising and Falling 95 7. Gatekeepers (or the Anti-Muslim Politics of Help) 107 III. Urban Saviorism 8. The Road to Accumulation 121 9. Urban Altruism/Urban Corruption 133 10. A Global Death 145 11. The Insult of Precarity (or “I Don’t Give a Damn”) 157 12. AC Cars and the Hyperreal Village 167 IV. Digital Saviorism 13. Digital Saviors 181 14. Digital Time (and Its Others) 193 15. Digital Audit Culture (or Metadata) 203 16. Digital Scaling (or Abnormalities) 215 17. Digital Dustbins 227 Conclusion: Against Saviorism 239 Acknowledgments 251 Notes 257 Bibliography 299 Index 323
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