<div>Translation played an essential role throughout the Middle Ages, bridging the gap between literate and lay, and enabling intercourse between languages in multi-lingual Europe. Medieval translation was extremely diverse, ranging from the literality and Latinity of legal documents to the free adaptation of courtly romance. </div><div>This guide to medieval translation covers a broad range of religious and vernacular texts and addresses the theoretical and pragmatic problems faced by modern translators of medieval works as they attempt to mediate between past and present.</div>

<div>Introduction, JEANETTE BEER</div><div>The European Psalms in Translation, JANE TOSWELL</div><div>The Old French Bible, CLIVE SNEDDON</div><div>Bible Translation in England, HENRY ANSGAR KELLY</div><div>Middle English Religious Translation, IAN JOHNSON</div><div>Medieval Convent Drama: Translating and Transforming the Liturgy , MATTHEW CHEUNG-SALISBURY, ELISABETH DUTTON, OLIVIA ROBINSON</div><div>Translating Romance in Medieval Norway: Marie de France and the Strengleikar, ERIN GOERES</div><div>Christine de Pizan, Translator and Translation Critic, JEANETTE PATTERSON</div><div>Translation, Authority, and the Valorization of the Vernacular, THOMAS G. HINTON</div><div>Vernacular Translation in Medieval Italy: volgarizzamento, ALISON CORNISH</div><div>Dante and Translation, CHRISTOPHER KLEINHENZ</div><div>Chaucer and Translation, MARILYN CORRIE</div><div>Alchemy and Translation, EOIN BENTICK</div><div>Scientific Translation: A Modern Editor’s Perspective, ANTHONY HUNT</div><div>Modern Theoretical Approaches to Medieval Translation, MICHELLE WARREN</div><div>Theoretical Observations on Translation from a Paris Maître: Li Fet des Romains, JEANETTE BEER</div><div>Epilogue</div><div>Theoretical Observations on Translation from the Oxford Professor of Poetry, SIMON ARMITAGE</div><div>Additional Bibliography</div><div>Appendix</div><div>Index of Proper Names</div><div>Index of Works</div>