Cover
Title page
Copyright
Contents
List of Photographs
Foreword by Heidi Harley
Preface by Maria Leyva
Background Concerning the Porfiriato and the Hiaki Diaspora
The Collection of the Interviews
Speaker: Doña Luisa (Chata) Buitimea
Speaker: Don Andres Sol
Speaker: Maria Hesus Rivera de Romero
Speaker: Reynaldo Romero
Speaker: Jose Juan Buitimea
Speaker: Jose Maria Cupis (Chema Tosaria)
Overview of Hiaki Guerrilla Strategy (Jose Maria Cupis)
PART I. IN SONORA
Escape from Hermosillo (Luisa)
Traveling and Living in the Mountains (Luisa)
Shelter (Luisa)
Mountain Food (Luisa and Andres)
How to Hide a Fire (Luisa and Andres)
Making Fire (Luisa)
Being a Child in the Mountains (Luisa and Maria Hesus)
Childbirth and Medical Care in the Mountains (Luisa)
Health and Hygiene in the Mountains (Luisa and Andres)
The Problem of Crying Babies (Luisa and Andres)
Maintaining Ceremonial Life in the Mountains (Luisa)
Supplying the Mountain Ceremonies (Luisa and Andres)
Escape to Nogales (Reyno)
Walking to Tucson (Andres)
Flight into the Mountains (Luisa)
The Death and Mutilation of Dolores at Torreón (Luisa)
The Story of Sisto, and the Attack at Desert Spiny Lizard Waters (Luisa)
The Killing of Guillermo (Andres)
Dealing with the Dead (Luisa and Andres)
Caring for Wounded Warriors (Luisa)
Arizona Hiakis, Gunrunning to Tucson, and Gathering Munitions (Andres)
Southern Indigenous Soldiers in the Mexican Army (Luisa)
Papago Fighters Contract with the Mexicans (Chema Tosaria)
Slaughter and Capture at Tall Bamboo (Luisa and Andres)
Hiakis Living in the Mountains Before 1910 (Luisa)
Hacienda Life Under the Mexicans (Luisa)
Violence Between Mountain Hiakis and Hacienda Hiakis (Luisa)
Life in the Villages up to and During the Escobar Rebellion (Reyno)
Coercing Hiaki Men to Enlist by Holding Families Hostage (Luisa and Andres)
On Coerced Hiakis Serving in the Mexican Army (Maria Hesus)
The Story of the Shawl (Maria Hesus)
The Story of the Cookies (Maria Hesus)
Leaving Her Little Dog (Maria Hesus)
Children Stolen by the Mexican Soldiers (Maria Hesus and Luisa)
The Motherless Children (Reyno)
Mom’s First Capture and Grandmother’s Death, in 1902–1903 (Maria Hesus)
Teasing Luisa About Capture (Luisa and Andres)
Where the Three Groups of Hiaki Hostages Were Captured (Luisa)
PART II. IN THE SOUTH
Urbalejo, the Execution Order, and Surnames (Maria Hesus)
On the Transport Ship Progresa (Maria Hesus and Luisa)
Life in the Holding Center at Paraíso, in Tabasco (Luisa)
Southern Plants That Cause Disease or Death (Luisa, Reyno, and Maria Hesus)
The Sale of Hiakis as Slave Labor (Maria Hesus)
The Black Beans and the Hiaki Cook (Maria Hesus)
Labor on the Henequen Plantations (Maria Hesus)
Her Mother’s Depression in the Yucatán (Maria Hesus)
Luisa’s Sister’s Life in the South (Luisa)
The Ration Cards (Maria Hesus and Luisa)
Nacha Mayo and the Drunk Women at the Soap Factory (Maria Hesus and Luisa)
Maria Hesus Learns About Lent in Toluca, and Her Sister Dies (Maria Hesus)
Disease, Death, and the Ceremonies in Xochimilco (Maria Hesus and Luisa)
Micaela and the Dolls (Luisa)
Traveling South to Sign a Peace Accord (Reyno and Luisa)
Hiakis Are Enlisted in Pitaya and Toluca (Luisa and Maria Hesus)
The Hiaki Battalion (Luisa and Andres)
The Hiaki Battalion in Battle During the Escobar Rebellion (Maria Hesus)
Searching for Her Father Among the Wounded (Maria Hesus)
Surviving While the Men Were in Combat (Maria Hesus)
The Suffering of Hiaki Soldiers and Their Families (Luisa and Maria Hesus)
Escaping Mexican Military Service (Maria Hesus)
PART III. CONSEQUENCES
Mexicans Moving into Hiaki Territory (Maria Hesus)
On Renting Hiaki Land to Mexicans (Luisa)
The Legacy of Madero and Mori (Luisa)
Those Who Stayed in the South (Luisa)
The Loss of History, the Loss of Land, and Divisions Among Hiakis (Luisa)
The Charcoal Contract (Jose Juan Buitimea)
The Flies That Came Out of Boxes Thrown from Planes (Jose Juan Buitimea and Chema Tosaria)
Peo Maachil and the Big Black Snake (Luisa)
The Highway, the Railroad, and Broken Promises (Andres)
Andres Gets a Pension (Andres)
Tata Va’am (Hot Water) and Papalote (Luisa and Andres)
Luisa and Andres’s Life at Papalote (Luisa)
The Dam at Oviachi and Hiak Vatwe Nowadays (Andres)
Kala (Maria Hesus and Luisa)
Antonio Tosaria’s Wives and Children (Maria Hesus and Luisa)
Dolores Maehto and Bartolo Pa’amea (Maria Hesus, Reyno, and Luisa)
Birthplaces and Baptismal Locations (Luisa, Reyno, and Maria Hesus)
Reynaldo’s Family and Their Tucson Connections (Reyno)
Afterword. Iiyika Te Lutu’uriata Hippue: We Have These Truths (Jose Maria Cupis)
Timeline of Hiaki Military and Political Events in Mexico and Sonora, 1875–1952
Index
About the Authors