Following the Attica prison uprising in September 1971, Celes Tisdale—a poet and then professor at Buffalo State College—began leading poetry workshops with those incarcerated at Attica. Tisdale’s workshop created a space of radical Black creativity and solidarity, in which poets who lived through the uprising were able to turn their experiences into poetry. The poems written by Tisdale’s students were published as Betcha Ain’t: Poems from Attica in 1974. When the Smoke Cleared contains the entirety of Betcha Ain’t, Tisdale’s own poems and journal entries from the three years he taught at Attica, a previously unpublished collection of poems by Attica poets, and a critical introduction by poet Mark Nowak. In addition to the poetry, Tisdale’s journal entries give readers a unique opportunity to experience what it was like to enter Attica as an educator and return week after week to discuss poetry. When the Smoke Cleared showcases these poets’ achievements, their desire for self-determination, and their historical role as storytellers of Black life in a prison monitored exclusively by white guards and administrators.

Celes Tisdale is Distinguished Emeritus Professor of English at the State University of New York at Buffalo and editor of Betcha Ain’t: Poems from Attica and We Be Poetin’.

Preface  ix
Introduction: Celes Tisdale’s Poetry Workshop at Attica / Mark Nowak  1
Introduction to the Original Printing of Betcha Ain’t: Poems from Attica (Detroit: Broadside Press, 1974 / Celes Tisdale  25
Betcha Ain’t: Poems from Attica  29
Celes Tisdale’s Attica Poem and Journals  71
When the Smoke Cleared: More Poems from Attica  103
Epilogue: Remember This  133
Acknowledgments  135
Appendix: Workshop Documents  137