CONTENTS
PREFACE 5
INTRODUCTION 18
PART I: BUDGETING BASICS FOR LIBRARIES 21
CHAPTER ONE: WHAT IS A BUDGET? 22
Budgeting - Design and Process 23
Budgetary Sources 25
Budget Types 26
Lump Sum Budget 26
Formula Budget 27
Line Item Budget 29
Program Budget 34
Performance Budget 37
PPBS Budget 39
Zero-Based Budget 42
Responsibility-Centered Budget 44
Budgeting Lingo A-Z 47
CHAPTER TWO: HOW DO LIBRARIES BUDGET? 55
Library Budget Components: 56
Personnel 56
Materials 57
Operations 60
Internal Services 63
Capital Budget 64
Steps of a Library Budget: 66
Forecasting 56
Analysis 67
Preparation 69
Presentation 72
Public Hearings 76
Adoption 77
Budget Cycle 78
CHAPTER THREE: HOW CAN A LIBRARY MONITOR ITS BUDGET? 81
Requisitions and Purchase Orders 82
Approval and Payment of Bills 83
Encumbrances 83
Accounting Systems 85
Fund Accounting 85
Statements and Reconciliation 86
Audit Process and Preparation 89
Annual Reports 93
Budget Monitoring 94
Budget Cuts and Increases 95
Revision Processes 96
PART II: SPECIAL TOPICS IN FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FOR LIBRARIES 97
CHAPTER FOUR: OUTSOURCING 98
Materials Selection 103
Technical Services 104
Library Management 107
Outsourcing Other Services 110
CHAPTER FIVE: PROTECTING LIBRARY PROPERTY 112
Recovery of Overdue Library Materials 113
Theft and Mutilation of Public Property 117
Security Systems 120
Insurance 124
Inventory 128
CHAPTER SIX: FINES AND FEES 130
Fee-Based Library Services 131
Sale and Disposal of Public Property 134
Fines and Fees 136
CHAPTER SEVEN: CAPITAL PROJECTS 141
Community Needs Assessment 142
Building Program 147
Cost Estimating 148
Site Acquisition and Development Costs 154
Furniture, Fixtures, and Equipment 156
Professional Fees 157
Relocation Costs 158
Renovation and Remodeling 159
Building Maintenance 162
Leasing and Renting Property 166
Leasing - Equipment 169
Other Leases 170
Utilities - Cutting costs 171
Electricity 171
Water 173
Security and Safety 175
BONDS AND REFERENDA 177
Bond Ratings 179
Revenue Bonds 181
Referenda 182
Legal Issues 183
CHAPTER EIGHT: CONTRACTS AND RFPS 184
Request Process 185
Proposal Analysis 187
Award 188
Competitive Bids 189
Materials 189
Services 191
Equipment 191
Automated Financial Systems 192
PART III: ALTERNATIVE LIBRARY FUNDING 198
CHAPTER NINE: FUNDING SOURCES 199
Library Foundations 201
Library Foundations: Benefits 202
Library Foundations: Formation 203
Friends of the Library 205
Trusts and Wills 208
Endowments and Restricted Funds 209
Gifts and Donations 213
Donor Relations 221
Volunteers 223
Separation vs. Commingling of Funds 226
Partnerships 227
CHAPTER TEN: GRANTS FOR LIBRARIES 231
Grantsmanship-Germination of an Idea 232
Grant Funding Sources 234
Foundations 236
Foundation Types 236
Foundation Grants for Libraries 238
Federal Grants 240
IMLS Grants 240
Pre-Proposal Investigations and Literature Review 243
Grant Writing 244
Grant Proposal 244
Grant Compliance 251
Grant Reporting 252
Outcomes-Based Evaluation 253
SUMMARY 256
APPENDIX A: SAMPLE ACCOUNTING MANUAL 258
APPENDIX B: SAMPLE LIBRARY ANNUAL REPORT FORM 261
APPENDIX C: SAMPLE RFP FOR BUILDING CONSULTANT 267
APPENDIX D: SAMPLE LEASE AGREEMENT 270
APPENDIX E: STARTING A MAJOR DONOR PROGRAM 274