The Prehistoric Animal Ecology and Ethnozoology of the Upper Great Lakes Region

by Charles Edward Cleland

University of Michigan Press, 1966
Paper: 978-1-949098-16-7 | eISBN: 978-1-951519-39-1

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ABOUT THIS BOOK

Charles Edward Cleland presents an analysis of the paleoecology and ethnozoology of the Upper Great Lakes from about 12,000 BC to AD 1700, with particular attention to faunal remains found at sites in Michigan and Wisconsin. The nine appendices were originally compiled as faunal reports for archaeological sites in the region.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents

I. Introduction

The Modern Biotic Communities of the Upper Great Lakes

The Carolinian Biotic Province

The Canadian Biotic Province

The Illinoian Biotic Province

II. Paleoecology

The Boreal Woodland Period: 12,000 B.C. - 9,000 B.C.

The Pine Forest Period: 7,000 B.C. - 3,500 B.C.

The Oak and Pine Forest Period: 3,500 B.C. - Present

Climatic Fluctuation of the Oak and Pine Forest Period

Late Archaic Episode 1,300 B.C. - 800 B.C.

Cool Episode: 800 B.C. - 300 B.C.

Hopewell Episode: 300 B.C. - A.D. 300

Scandic Episode: A.D. 300 - A.D. 800

Neo-Atlantic Episode: A.D. 800 - A.D. 1200

Protohistoric and Historic Climatic Episode: A.D. 1200 - A.D. 1700

III. Ethnozoology

The Identification and Analysis of Faunal Remains

Focal and Diffuse Economies

Paleo-Indian Cultures: 10,000 B.C. - 8,000 B.C.

Early Archaic Cultures: 8,000 B.C. - 6,000 B.C.

Middle Archaic Cultures: 6,000 B.C. - 3,000 B.C.

Late Archaic Cultures: 3,000 B.C. - 1,000 B.C

Early Woodland Cultures: 1,000 B.C. - 300 B.C.

Middle Woodland Cultures: 300 B.C. - A.D. 400

Late Woodland and Upper Mississippian Cultures: A.D. 400 - A.D. 1650

Paleo-Indian Cultures: 12,000 B.C. - 9,000 B.C.

Middle Archaic Cultures: 7,000 B.C. - 3,000 B.C.

Early Woodland Cultures 1,000 B.C. - 300 B.C.

Middle Woodland Cultures 300 B.C. - A.D. 400

Late Woodland and Upper Mississippian Cultures: A.D. 400 - A.D. 1650

Appendix A. Re-analysis of Faunal Remains from Raddatz Rockshelter, Sauk County, Wisconsin

Appendix B. Animal Remains from the Feeheley, Hart and Schmidt Sites, Saginaw County, Michigan

Appendix C. Analysis of the Animal Remains at the Schultz Site, Saginaw County, Michigan

Appendix D. Faunal Remains from the Mero and Heins Creek Sites, Door County, Wisconsin

Appendix E. Faunal Remains from the Juntunen Site, Mackinac County, Michigan

Appendix F. Analysis of the Fauna of the Moccasin Bluff Site, Berrien County, Michigan

Appendix G. Distribution of Various Animal Species According to Biotic Province

Appendix H. Habitat Preference of Some of the Animal Species of the Eastern United States

Appendix I. Archaeological Occurrence of Various Vertebrate Species of the Eastern United States

Literature Cited

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