That there is a "digital divide"—which falls between those who have and can afford the latest in technological tools and those who have neither in our society—is indisputable. Virtual Inequality redefines the issue as it explores the cascades of that divide, which involve access, skill, political participation, as well as the obvious economics. Computer and Internet access are insufficient without the skill to use the technology, and economic opportunity and political participation provide primary justification for realizing that this inequality is a public problem and not simply a matter of private misfortune.

Defying those who say the divide is growing smaller, this volume, based on a unique national survey that includes data from over 1800 respondents in low-income communities, shows otherwise. In addition to demonstrating why disparities persist in such areas as technological abilities, the survey also shows that the digitally disadvantaged often share many of the same beliefs as their more privileged counterparts. African-Americans, for instance, are even more positive in their attitudes toward technology than whites are in many respects, contrary to conventional wisdom. The rigorous research on which the conclusions are based is presented accessibly and in an easy-to-follow manner.

Not content with analysis alone, nor the untangling of the complexities of policymaking, Virtual Inequality views the digital divide compassionately in its human dimensions and recommends a set of practical and common-sense policy strategies. Inequality, even in a virtual form this book reminds us, is unacceptable and a situation that society is compelled to address.

Karen Mossberger is an associate professor of public administration, University of Illinois at Chicago and the author of The Politics of Ideas and the Spread of Enterprise Zones.

Caroline J. Tolbert is an assistant professor in the Department of Political Science at Kent State University, and co-editor of Citizens as Legislators:Direct Democracy in the United States.

Mary Stansbury is associate professor & program chair, Library & Information Science, Morgridge College of Education, University of Denver

"Learning how to understand the impact of the Internet on civic life is one of the most important challenges facing us today. This book presents new insights and new data on virtual inequality and the digital divide. Anyone interested in how technology is reshaping democracy should read this book."

Preface

1. Redefining the Digital Divide

2. The Access Divide

3. The Skill Divide

4. The Economic Opportunity Divide

5. The Democratic Divide

6. Beyond the Divides: Toward Opportunity and Equality

Appendix 1: Multivariate Regression Tables

Appendix 2: Survey Questionnaire

Glossary

References

Index