From the mid-twelfth century onwards, the development of European hospitals was shaped by their claim to the legal status of religious institutions, with its attendant privileges and responsibilities. The questions of whom hospitals should serve and why they should do so have recurred — and been invested with moral weight — in successive centuries, though similarities between medieval and modern debates on the subject have often been overlooked. Hospitals’ legal status as religious institutions could be tendentious and therefore had to be vigorously defended in order to protect hospitals’ resources. This status could also, however, be invoked to impose limits on who could serve in and be served by hospitals. As recent scholarship demonstrates, disputes over whom hospitals should serve, and how, find parallels in other periods of history and current debates.

Lucy Barnhouse received her Ph.D. from Fordham University in 2017, and has been Assistant Professor of History at Arkansas State University since Fall 2020, having held visiting positions at the College of Wooster and Wartburg College. She has published on topics including medieval public health, leprosy, and religious women.

Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Houses of God
Civic Hospitals in the City and Archdiocese of Mainz
Mainz’s Hospital Sisters and the Rights of Religious Women
Leprosaria and the Leprous: Legal Status and Social Ties
“For all miserable persons”: Small and Extra-Urban Hospitals
Hospitals and their Networks: Recreating Relationships
Conclusion
Bibliography