In January 1995, fighting broke out between Ecuadorian and Peruvian military forces in a remote section of the Amazon. It took more than three years and the interplay of multiple actors and factors to achieve a definitive peace agreement, thus ending what had been the region's oldest unresolved border dispute. This conflict and its resolution provide insights about other unresolved and/or disputed land and sea boundaries which involve almost every country in the Western Hemisphere.

Drawing on extensive field research at the time of the dispute and during its aftermath, including interviews with high-ranking diplomats and military officials, Power, Institutions, and Leadership in War and Peace is the first book-length study to relate this complex border dispute and its resolution to broader theories of conflict. The findings emphasize an emerging leadership approach in which individuals are not mere captives of power and institutions. In addition, the authors illuminate an overlap in national and international arenas in shaping effective articulation, perception, and selection of policy.

In the “new” democratic Latin America that emerged in the late 1970s through the early 1990s, historical memory remains influential in shaping the context of disputes, in spite of presumed U.S. post–Cold War influence. This study offers important, broader perspectives on a hemisphere still rife with boundary disputes as a rising number of people and products (including arms) pass through these borderlands.

David R. Mares is Professor of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego, where he also serves as Institute of the Americas Chair for Inter-American Affairs and is Director of the Center for Iberian and Latin American Studies. His previous books include Drug Wars and Coffeehouses: The Political Economy of Drug Policy, Violent Peace: Militarized Interstate Bargaining in Latin America, and The United States and Chile: Coming in from the Cold with Francisco Rojas Aravena.

David Scott Palmer is Professor of International Relations and of Political Science at Boston University, where he is also Founding Director of the Latin American Studies Program. His previous books include U.S. Relations with Latin America during the Clinton Years, Shining Path of Peru (ed.), and Peru: The Authoritarian Tradition.

• Preface
• Chapter 1. Introduction: Explaining Interstate Conflict and Boundary Disputes in Post–Cold War Latin America
• Chapter 2. Two Nations in Conflict
• Chapter 3. Presidential Decision Making: The Institutional and Personal Context
• Chapter 4. Domestic Politics and the Push toward War
• Chapter 5. The Domestic Bases for Resolution
• Chapter 6. Hemispheric Diplomacy and the Politics of a Solution
• Chapter 7. Conclusions: Lessons Learned, Progress Achieved, and Implications for Other Boundary Disputes
• Appendix A. Effective Number of Parties
• Appendix B. Ecuadorean Attitudes toward Relations with Peru (November 1992)
• Appendix C. Polling Data on Border Issues (1994–1996)
• Notes
• Bibliography
• Index