The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr., Volume II: 1944–1946
by Clarence Mitchell Jr.
contributions by Denton L. Watson
edited by Denton L. Watson
contributions by Denton L. Watson
edited by Denton L. Watson
Ohio University Press, 2005
Cloth: 978-0-8214-1604-4 | eISBN: 978-0-8214-4141-1
Library of Congress Classification E185.97.M63A25 2005
Dewey Decimal Classification 323.092
Cloth: 978-0-8214-1604-4 | eISBN: 978-0-8214-4141-1
Library of Congress Classification E185.97.M63A25 2005
Dewey Decimal Classification 323.092
ABOUT THIS BOOK | AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY | TOC
ABOUT THIS BOOK
Clarence Mitchell Jr. was the driving force in the movement for passage of civil rights laws in America. The foundation for Mitchell’s struggle was laid during his tenure at the Fair Employment Practice Committee, where he led implementation of President Roosevelt’s policy barring racial discrimination in employment in the national defense and war industry programs. Mitchell’s FEPC reports and memoranda chart the beginning of the modern civil rights movement.
The first two volumes of a projected five-volume documentary edition of The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr. illuminate the FEPC’s work as a federal affirmative-action agency and the government’s struggle to enforce the nation’s antidiscrimination policy in industry, federal agencies, and labor unions.
Subsequent volumes will trace Mitchell’s successive enlistment of seven presidents in establishing and enforcing a permanent national nondiscrimination policy. Through his efforts, Congress passed the 1957, 1960, and 1964 Civil Rights Acts prohibiting discrimination in public accommodations, federal spending, and employment based on race, color, sex, and national origin; the 1965 Voting Rights Act; and the 1968 Fair Housing Act.
Editor Denton L. Watson introduces and annotates Mitchell’s writings, providing context and insight for students and scholars of civil rights history, government, law, and sociology.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
Clarence Mitchell Jr. (1911–84) was a civil rights activist and, for nearly thirty years, a chief lobbyist for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Nicknamed the “101st Senator,” he was instrumental to the successful passage of the most consequential US civil rights legislative acts of the 1950s and 1960s.
Denton L. Watson, formerly director of public relations for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, is an associate professor at SUNY College at Old Westbury. He is author of Lion in the Lobby: Clarence Mitchell, Jr.’s Struggle for the Passage of Civil Rights Laws and editor of The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents List of Illustrations 000 Foreword 000 Preface 000 Acknowledgments 000 Introduction: The FEPC Years 000 Editorial Method and Abbreviations 000 FEPC Chronology 000 FEPC Personnel List 000 Headnotes Jurisdictional Issues 000 Relationships with Federal Agencies 000 Creedal Discrimination 000 National Origin, Alienage, and Loyalty 000 Race, Creed, Color, or National Origin on Employment Application Forms 000 Japanese Americans 000 Mexican Americans 000 The Mining Industry 000 The Oil Industry 000 The Aircraft Industry 000 The Shipbuilding Industry and the Boilermakers Union 000 The Steel Industry 000 Street and Local Railways 000 The Telephone Industry 000 Major Cases in St. Louis 000 The FEPC and Unions 000 Strikes and Work Stoppages 000 Documents Prologue: The Home Town?s Race Problem 003 1942 Memoranda of Clarence M. Mitchell Jr. as Field Assistant and Assistant Chief under Robert C. Weaver, Chief of the Negro Employment and Training Division, Office of Production Management and War Production Board January 23, 1942, Memorandum on COFEP Complaint against the International Telephone and Radio Manufacturing Corporation and the Federal Telegraph Company, East Newark, N.J. 000 January 27, 1942, Memorandum on Westinghouse Employment Situation 000 February 2, 1942, Memorandum on COFEP Request from Mr. Eugene Davidson 000 April 23, 1942, Memorandum on the Brecon Bag Loading Plant, Flora, Mississippi 000 Memoranda of Clarence M. Mitchell Jr. as Principal Fair Practice Examiner, Fair Employment Practice Committee (FEPC) ca. October 10, 1942, Memorandum on Portland, Oregon, Shipyards 000 November 28, 1942, Memorandum on Suspension of War Training for Negroes in Alabama 000 December 4, 1942, Memorandum on Wage Rate for Harvesting Sugar Cane in Florida and Louisiana 000 December 14, 1942, Memorandum on U.S. Postal System 000 December 17, 1942, Memorandum on Proposed Directive to Mr. F. G. Seulberger, Chairman Department of Industrial Relations, Northwestern University 000 December 23, 1942, Memorandum on Tennessee Valley Authority Employment Practices 000 December 28, 1942, Memorandum on Railroad Complaints 000 December 28, 1942, Memorandum on Complaints against the Chesapeake and Potomac Company in Baltimore, Maryland 000 1943 January 11, 1943, Memorandum on Firms with Fair Employment Practices 000 January 11, 1943, Memorandum on Aircraft Training in Atlanta, Georgia 000 January 18, 1943, Memorandum on Request for Information from Mr. Kasper, Editor of the Employment Security Review 000 January 18, 1943, Memorandum on Telephone Conversation with Cy W. Record 000 January 19, 1943, Memorandum on Stabilization Agreements 000 January 25, 1943, Memorandum on National Defense Research Committee 000 February 5, 1943, Memorandum on Telephone Call from Mr. Cy Record in Atlanta, Georgia 000 February 24, 1943, Memorandum on Savannah Shipyards 000 March 3, 1943, Memorandum on Employment of Negroes in Savannah, Georgia 000 March 5, 1943, Memorandum on Susceptibility of Negroes to Industrial Diseases 000 March 10, 1943, Memorandum on [Section 35(A) of United States Criminal Code] 000 March 13, 1943, Memorandum on Additional Members of the President?s Committee on Fair Employment Practice 000 March 16, 1943, Letter to Lee Seitzer on Discriminatory Practices of Shipyards 000 March 23, 1943, Memorandum on Visit to New Britain Machine Company, New Britain, Connecticut, March 18, 1943 000 March 24, 1943, Memorandum on Declaration of Citizenship 000 March 29, 1943, Memorandum on Conversation with Cy W. Record 000 [March 1943], Memorandum on Material to Be Submitted for the War Manpower Commission Report 000 April 5, 1943, Memorandum on Staff Meeting of March 29, 1943 000 April 13, 1943, Memorandum on Labor Stabilization Plans 000 April 16, 1943, Memorandum on Defense Training in States with Separate Schools 000 April 17, 1943, Memorandum on Civil Service Regulations on Japanese Employment 000 April 26, 1943, Memorandum on Agreement on Importation of Bahamian Workers 000 April 28, 1943, Memorandum on Staff Meeting of April 12, 1943 000 May 1, 1943, Memorandum on Compliance and Analysis Report on Six New England Companies 000 May 4, 1943, Memorandum on [Stabilization Agreements] 000 May 6, 1943, Memorandum on Staff Meeting of April 26, 1943 000 May 8, 1943, Memorandum on Employment of Negroes in Street Railways 000 May 10, 1943, Memorandum on Staff Meeting of May 3, 1943 000 June 1, 1943, Memorandum on Conditions at the Alabama Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company as of May 31, 1943 000 June 28, 1943, Memorandum on Executive Order 8802 as It Affects Bahamian Labor 000 June 28, 1943, Memorandum on Long Distance Call to Lewis W. Clymer, Region IX 000 ca. July 1943, Memorandum on Supplementary Training at the Alabama Dry Dock and Shipbuilding Company 000 July 5, 1943, Memorandum on Conference Regarding Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company 000 July 5, 1943, Memorandum on Complaint of Mrs. Laurence Walker, Milton, Pennsylvania, against the Philco Radio Corporation, Watsontown, Pennsylvania 000 Reports and Headquarters Memoranda of Clarence M. Mitchell Jr. as Associate Director of Field Operations, FEPC July 12, 1943, Memorandum on Conference with the War Department Representatives, July 12, 1943 000 July 16, 1943, Memorandum on Strike at American Steel Foundry Plant, East Chicago, Indiana 000 July 19, 1943, Memorandum on Employment Conditions Affecting Negroes in West Virginia 000 ca. July 24, 1943, Memorandum on Sample of Cases Handled Successfully by the President?s Committee on Fair Employment Practice 000 July 24, 1943, Memorandum on Sample of Cases Handled Successfully by the President?s Committee on Fair Employment Practice [Revised Version] 000 July 28, 1943, Memorandum on Proposed Field Trip to Cincinnati during the Month of August for Ernest G. Trimble 000 August 5, 1943, Memorandum on Relationship between Western Electric Company and American Telephone and Telegraph 000 August 7, 1943, Memorandum on Alabama Dry Dock and Shipbuilding Company 000 August 9, 1943, Memorandum on Conference Concerning Employment of Negroes as Telephone Operators in Baltimore, Maryland 000 August 16, 1943, Memorandum on Complaint of Point Breeze Employees Association 000 August 18, 1943, Memorandum on Complaint of the Employees Association of Point Breeze, Md. 000 August 23, 1943, Memorandum on [Complaints of Sabbatarians] 000 August 26, 1943, Memorandum on Complaint of the Point Breeze Employees? Association against the Western Electric Company, Baltimore, Maryland 000 September 1, 1943, Memorandum on Complaint of Miss Estelle L. Lingham vs. the Civil Service Commission 000 September 4, 1943, Memorandum on War Production Board Report on Jones and Laughlin Steel Plant, Aliquippa, Pennsylvania 000 September 9, 1943, Memorandum on Jones and Laughlin Steel Plant, Aliquippa, Pennsylvania 000 September 13, 1943, Memorandum on Conference with Admiral C. W. Fisher, Chief of Shore Establishment, Navy Department 000 September 23, 1943, Memorandum on Complaint of Miss Estelle Lingham against the United States Civil Service Commission 000 September 25, 1943, Memorandum on Personnel in Region V 000 September 27, 1943, Memorandum on Candidates for Region X 000 September 28, 1943, Memorandum on Ford Motor Company, Willow Run Plant 000 September 29,1943, Memorandum on Progress Report from G. James Fleming on Jones and Laughlin Company, Aliquippa, Pennsylvania 000 October 8, 1943, Memorandum on Conference of the National Urban League 000 October 8, 1943, Memorandum on Regional Office, Chicago, Illinois 000 October 8, 1943, Memorandum on Conference with Frank Rarig, Regional Director, WMC, Minneapolis, Minnesota 000 October 11, 1943, Memorandum on Field Visit to Dallas, Texas 000 October 12, 1943, Memorandum on Field Visit to Dallas, Texas 000 October 18, 1943, Memorandum on Interviews with Officials of the Oregon State Employment Service 000 October 18, 1943, Memorandum on Report on Plan to Admit Welders to Electrical Workers Union 000 October 18, 1943, Memorandum on Witnesses Recommended for Hearings 000 October 18, 1943, Memorandum on Testimony in Connection with Complaint of Shipyard Negro Organization for Victory, Portland, Oregon 000 October 20, 1943, Memorandum on Information on Boilermakers Locals 72 (Portland), 401 (Vancouver), Auxiliary A-42 (Portland), and Auxiliary A-32 (Vancouver) 000 October 21, 1943, Memorandum on Corporate Structure and Other Information on the Kaiser Corporation and the Oregon Shipbuilding Company 000 October 21, 1943, Memorandum on Complaints against Portland Shipbuilders 000 October 22, 1943, Memorandum on Attached Complaints [Regarding Boilermakers Union] 000 October 23, 1943, Memorandum on [Auxiliary A-32, Boilermakers Union] 000 October 23, 1943, Memorandum on Information on the Kaiser Company?s Swan Island, Vancouver, and Oregon Shipbuilding Yards 000 October 23, 1943, Memorandum on Stabilization Plans in the Portland Area 000 October 26, 1943, Memorandum on Conference with Officials of Auxiliary A-35 000 October 27, 1943, Memorandum on Meeting with White Members of Boilermakers Local 92 000 October 27, 1943, Memorandum on Conference with Mr. George Toll, Local Manager, USES, Long Beach, California 000 October 27, 1943, Memorandum on Case of Thomas Madison Doram 000 November 1, 1943, Memorandum on Bethlehem Steel Shipbuilding Corporation, Sparrows Point, Maryland 000 November 1, 1943, Memorandum on Western Pipe and Steel Company Complainants 000 November 1, 1943, Memorandum on California Shipbuilding Company Complainants 000 November 5, 1943, Memorandum on War Contractors Failing to List Number of Non-whites on ES 270 Reports, Region IX 000 November 6, 1943, Field Investigation Report on California Shipbuilding Corporation, Western Pipe & Steel Company?s Shipbuilding Division, and Consolidated Steel Corporation?s Shipbuilding Division 000 November 8, 1943, Memorandum on OPA Policy Statement Regarding Executive Order 8802 000 November 9, 1943, Memorandum on War Department Forms 6 and 6a 000 November 11, 1943, Memorandum on War Labor Board Panel Hearing on Case of Point Breeze Employees Association Versus Western Electric Company, Baltimore, Maryland 000 November 13, 1943, Memorandum on Western Electric Company, Baltimore, Maryland 000 November 13, 1943, Memorandum on Complaint of Robert Nelson Craig 000 November 15, 1943, Memorandum on Final Disposition Reports 000 November 17, 1943, Memorandum on Conference at General Accounting Office in re 6-GR-248 [Employment of Japanese Americans] 000 November 20, 1943, Weekly Report [Week of November 13, 1943] 000 November 20, 1943, Weekly Report [Week of November 20, 1943] 000 December 4, 1943, Memorandum on Conversation with Dr. Casta?eda Concerning His New Appointment 000 December 6, 1943, Memorandum on Transcripts of Fact-Finding Conferences in Corpus Christi, Texas 000 December 8, 1943, Memorandum on Consolidated Aircraft 000 December 9, 1943, Memorandum on Conference with WMC re New Orleans, Louisiana, and Other Problems 000 December 9, 1943, Memorandum on Expression of Appreciation for Dr. Casta?eda?s Work 000 [ca. December 14?15, 1943], Report on Visit to Western Electric Plant by Mr. Clarence Mitchell 000 December 21, 1943, Memorandum on Pittsburgh Telephone Cases 000 Appendixes 1. Related Documents 000 2. List of Documents Not Published 000 3. Processing a Complaint 000 4. FEPC Progress Charts 000 5. Corporate Directory 000 6. Biographical Directory 000 Bibliography 000 Index 000
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