Work, Fight, or Play Ball: How Bethlehem Steel Helped Baseball's Stars Avoid World War I
Work, Fight, or Play Ball: How Bethlehem Steel Helped Baseball's Stars Avoid World War I
by William Ecenbarger
Temple University Press, 2024 Cloth: 978-1-4399-2517-1 | eISBN: 978-1-4399-2519-5 Library of Congress Classification GV863.A1E33 2024 Dewey Decimal Classification 796.35709730904
ABOUT THIS BOOK | AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY | REVIEWS | TOC | REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE
ABOUT THIS BOOK
In 1918, Bethlehem Steel started the world’s greatest industrial baseball league. Appealing to Major League Baseball players looking to avoid service in the Great War, teams employed “ringers” like Babe Ruth, Rogers Hornsby, and Shoeless Joe Jackson in what became scornfully known as “safe shelter” leagues. In Work, Fight, or Play Ball, William Ecenbarger fondly recounts this little-known story of how dozens of athletes faced professional conflicts and a difficult choice in light of public perceptions and war propaganda.
Some players used the steel mill and shipyard leagues to avoid wartime military duty, irking Major League owners, who saw their rosters dwindling. Bethlehem Steel President Charles Schwab (no relation to the financier) saw the league as a means to stave off employee and union organizing. Most fans loudly criticized the ballplayers, but nevertheless showed up to watch the action on the diamond.
Ecenbarger traces the 1918 Steel League’s season and compares the fates of the players who defected to industry or continued to play stateside with the travails of the Major Leaguers, such as Christy Mathewson, Ty Cobb, and Grover Cleveland Alexander, who served during the war.
Work, Fight, or Play Ball reveals the home field advantage brought on by the war, which allowed companies to profit from Major League players.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
William Ecenbarger, a freelance writer, is the author of Pennsylvania Stories--Well Told (Temple), Walkin’ the Line, Glory by the Wayside: The Old Churches of Hawaii, and Kids for Cash: Two Judges, Thousands of Children, and a $2.6 Million Kickback Scheme. He is the coauthor of Catching Lightning in a Bottle: How Merrill Lynch Revolutionized the Financial World (with Winthrop H. Smith) and Making Ideas Matter : My Life as a Policy Entrepreneur (with Dwight Evans).
REVIEWS
"Patriotism and America’s pastime converge in this exceptionally written history from Ecenbarger, who provides baseball stats alongside a compelling narrative of the U.S. ensnared in the perils of global war. The story of cooperation between professional sports and the U.S. government over a century ago proves prescient to the present day."—Booklist
"Ecenbarger describes how many [ballplayers] stayed out of the trenches and remained on the diamond as part of industrial baseball leagues.... The centerpiece of the book is the 1918 season of the six-team Bethlehem Steel League.... Those who opted to play in the industrial leagues were heavily criticized.... In the author’s portrayal, the controversy almost seems like a dress rehearsal for the following season’s Black Sox Scandal."—Wall Street Journal
“William Ecenbarger's informative and engaging study of baseball during the World War I era reminds us that the national pastime is an important social and cultural barometer in times of national stress and crisis.... Ecenbarger illuminates conflicting moral choices in times of war, between duty and sacrifice, on one hand, and the transactional nature of business and self-interest, on the other. He has recovered a lost era of baseball that is worth remembering.”—Journal of American History
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
Prologue
1. The Pretend Doughboys
2. The First Charles Schwab
3. Work or Fight
4. The Teams
Photo Gallery
5. The Season
6. Postseason and Peace
7. Those Who Went—Over There and Over Here
Epilogue
Acknowledgments
Appendix
Notes
Selected Bibliography
Index
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