Introduction 1
The United States Indicts Zacarias Moussaoui 1
Importance of the Trial 4
Purpose of the Book 5
Alternative Explanations Are Explored 7
Plan of the Book 9
1. The Legal Process Begins 13
Moussaoui's Arrest 13
The FBI and "The Wall" 15
The Proceedings Begin 18
The Courthouse 20
Moussaoui Moves to Represent Himself 23
Moussaoui Tries to Plead Guilty 26
Unlawyerlike Behavior 28
The Right to Question Witnesses 28
Senate Judiciary Committee Hearing 30
Self-Representation Revoked 30
Moussaoui Pleads Guilty 32
2. Slave of Allah: Zacarias Moussaoui's Struggle to
Represent Himself 36
Jihad in the Courtroom 36
Representation 38
Legal Representation 39
Social Representation: Nationality and Religion 42
Personal Representation 47
Alternative Explanations: Evil or Crazy? 52
What Can We Learn? 57
3. Courtroom 700, Alexandria, Virginia 59
Selection of the Jury 59
The Eligibility Phase Begins 65
April 3, 2006: The Jury's Verdict 85
The Penalty Phase Begins 85
April 24, 2006: The Case Goes to the Jury 99
May 3, 2006: The Verdict 100
May 4, 2006: The Sentencing 101
4. Zacarias, My Brother: The Making of a Terrorist 104
Zacarias Moussaoui's Early Life 104
Difficult Move to the South of France 107
Middle Class 108
French Intolerance 109
The Move to London 112
Conversion 115
Social Networks in London 118
Afghanistan and Beyond 120
Alternative Explanation: How Effective Was Moussaoui? 124
Moussaoui Flies to the United States 125
5. Why Can't They Be More French? 126
Inclusion and Exclusion 126
Ethnicity, Race, Religion, Class, and Culture 129
Migration to France 131
6. Islam without Borders 138
Religion and the State 138
Islam of France or Islam in France? 142
Conversion 146
Alternative Explanations 153
7. By Word and Bullet: Language and Symbolic Violence 155
Language and Power 155
Social Fields of Action 159
8. What the West Should Learn from the Case of
Zacarias Moussaoui 171
Lessons from the Case 171
What Did the United States Learn? 173
What Should the United States Learn? 177
What Should the West Learn? 179